first female Muslim monarch in South Asia (Razia sultana ) This situation deteriorated further when slave officers of Turkic origin close to Ruknuddin plotted the assassination of the Sultanate’s Tasik (non-Turkic) officers. The pair’s bias execution of Iltutmish’s popular son Qutubuddin, blended with Shah Turkan’s tyranny, resulted in revolts by several nobles, including the wazir (prime minister) Nizamul Mulk Junaidi. Ruknuddin was an incompetent ruler who delegated government to his mother, Shah Turkan. Conspiracy to assassinate (non-Turkish) officers This is indicates the fact that he summoned Ruknuddin from Lahore to Delhi after becoming gravely ill. Iltutmish appears to have agreed to appoint a son as his successor during his final years. However, following Iltutmish’s demise, the nobles unanimously elected his son Ruknuddin Firuz to succeed him as king. When his nobles objected because he had surviving sons, Iltutmish responded that Razia was more skillful than his sons. Iltutmish directed that his officer mushrif-i mamlakat Tajul Mulk Mahmud Dabir draught a decree designating Razia sultana as the heir apparent. Razia conducted her duties admirably, and upon her return to Delhi, Iltutmish appointed her as his successor. While departing for his Gwalior campaign in 1231, Iltutmish left Delhi’s administration in the hands of his daughter Razia. Iltutmish suspected that his other sons soaked up in leisure pursuits and would be incapable of governing state affairs following his death. Iltutmish trained his eldest child Nasiruddin Mahmud to succeed him, but he died in 1229. This posed a challenge to the Turkish nobles’ claimed monopoly of power. She appointed an Ethiopian slave named Jalal-ud-din Yaqut as her attendant and began placing her most significant trust in him. When she appeared in public, whether in court or on the battlefield, she dressed as a man. To rule the country, she shed her femininity and donned a more masculine look. Razia Sultana consolidated her country’s law and order.
Razia sultana was Iltutmish’s eldest daughter and most likely his firstborn child. Razia’s mother – Turkan Khatun – was the chief wife of Iltutmish and Qutb al-Din Aibak.
Razia was born to Shamsuddin Iltutmish, a Turkic slave (mamluk) of his predecessor Qutb al-Din Aibak, to the Delhi Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish. She married one of the rebels, Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia, and tried to reclaim the throne, but was thwarted by her half-brother and successor Muizuddin Bahram in October that year and was murdered soon after. She overthrown by a party of nobility in April 1240, after having reigned for less than four years. This, coupled with her selections of non-Turkic officials to critical positions, led to their hatred towards her. The Turkic nobility who backed her intended her to remain a figurehead, but she gradually pushed her authority. Razia’s ascent oppos a segment of nobility, some of whom decided to join her, while the rest defeated.
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